Craft Beer
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Dark
Dark beer refers to the colour of the beer and is a result of the malt used. The malt gets its colour from the temperature and duration at which the malt is dried, known as kilning. The possibilities vary greatly: from lightly toasted malt to caramelized malt, to black malt that most closely resembles a coffee bean. As a result, this category includes everything from German-style dunkels to Stouts and Porters.
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Ale
Ale is a type of beer brewed from malted barley using a warm fermentation with a strain of brewer’s yeast. The yeast will ferment the beer quickly, giving it a sweet, full-bodied and fruity taste. Most ales contain hops, which help preserve the beer and impart a bitter herbal flavour that balances the sweetness of the malt.
Another way to define ale is as “top-fermented”; that is, the yeast, rather than sinking to the bottom as in a lager, floats on the surface of the liquid during fermentation. There are variations in this definition, but it holds in general.
IPA
India Pale Ale or IPA is a hoppy beer style within the broader category of pale ale. IPAs have a long history in Canada and the USA with many breweries producing a version of the style. Contemporary American IPAs are typically brewed with distinctively American hops, such as Cascade, Centennial, Citra, Columbus, Chinook, Simcoe, Amarillo, Tomahawk, Warrior, and Nugget.
East Coast IPAs are distinguished from West Coast IPAs by a stronger malt presence which balances the intensity of the hops whereas the latter foreground the hops more, possibly because of the proximity of West Coast breweries to hop fields in the Pacific Northwest.
Double IPAs (also referred to as Imperial IPAs) are a stronger, very hoppy variant of IPAs that typically have alcohol content above 7.5% by volume.
Lager
Lager (German: storage) is a type of beer hat is fermented and conditioned at low temperatures. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer in the world. Bock, Pilsner and Märzen are all styles of lager. There are also dark lagers, such as Dunkel and Schwarzbier.
Wheat
Wheat beer is brewed with a large proportion of wheat in addition to malted barley. Wheat beers are usually top-fermented (as required by law in Germany). The main varieties are Weissbier (includes Hefeweizen), Witbier, and the sour varieties, such as lambic, Berliner Weisse and Gose.